The importance of handling in Logistics

1. Handling supports and connects other logistics activities

Packaging, transportation, storage, processing and distribution all require handling operations. Therefore, handling is attached to other logistics activities, but it also has indispensable characteristics. In the process of logistics, every position movement of goods is realized by loading, unloading and handling, and the transfer between various links is also connected by loading, unloading and handling. Without the support and connection of loading and unloading, the logistics system will be interrupted.

2. The speed of loading and unloading affects the speed of logistics

The frequency of loading and unloading operations is much higher than that of other logistics activities. The speed and occupation time of loading and unloading are important factors that determine the logistics speed.

3. Handling quality is directly related to logistics quality

In the process of logistics, goods have to be loaded and unloaded for many times, and loading and unloading operations often require direct contact with goods. Therefore, this is the main link that causes damage, loss, loss, mixing and other losses of goods in the process of logistics. Not only that, loading, unloading and handling are also related to the safety of transportation and storage, the effective utilization of the load and volume of the means of transportation, and the effective utilization of the warehouse capacity. Therefore, the quality of loading, unloading and handling is directly related to the quality of the whole logistics.

4. Loading, unloading and handling are related to the whole logistics cost

At present, the handling operation cost of railway transportation accounts for about 20% of the transportation cost, while the shipping cost is as high as about 40%. It can be seen that the proportion of handling charges in the whole logistics costs is quite high. The way to reduce the handling cost is to adopt modern machinery and equipment, implement scientific management and improve operation efficiency.

2、 Common handling equipment -- forklift truck

Forklifts use forks as the main pick-up device, rely on hydraulic lifting mechanisms to lift and lift goods, and realize the horizontal handling of goods by the tire driving system.

Forklifts can generally be divided into three categories: internal combustion forklifts, electric forklifts and storage forklifts.

(1) Internal combustion forklift

Internal combustion forklifts are divided into ordinary internal combustion forklifts, heavy forklifts, container forklifts and side forklifts.

① Ordinary internal combustion forklift

Generally, diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas engines are used as power, with a load capacity of 1.2 ~ 8.0 tons, and the width of the operation channel is generally 3.5 ~ 5.0 meters. Considering the exhaust emission and noise problems, they are usually used outdoors, in workshops or other places that have no special requirements for exhaust emission and noise. Due to the convenience of fuel replenishment, it can realize long-time continuous operation, and can be competent to work in harsh environments (such as rainy days).

② Heavy forklift

Diesel engine is used as the power, with a bearing capacity of 10.0 ~ 52.0 tons. It is generally used for outdoor operations in wharf, steel and other industries with heavy goods.

③ Container forklift

Diesel engine is used as the power, with a bearing capacity of 8.0 ~ 45.0 tons. It is generally divided into empty container stacker, heavy Container Stacker and container front crane. Applied to container handling, such as container yard or port terminal operations.

④ Side forklift

The diesel engine is used as the power, and the bearing capacity is 3.0 ~ 6.0 tons. It has the ability to fork goods directly from the side without turning, so it is mainly used to fork long goods, such as wood bars, steel bars, etc.

(2) Electric forklift

The motor is used as the power and the battery as the energy. The bearing capacity is 1.0 ~ 8.0 tons, and the width of operation channel is generally 3.5 ~ 5.0 meters. Because of no pollution and low noise, it is widely used in indoor operation and other working conditions with high environmental requirements, such as medicine, food and other industries. With people's attention to environmental protection, electric forklifts are gradually replacing internal combustion forklifts. Since each group of batteries generally needs to be charged after working for about 8 hours, backup batteries are required for multi shift working conditions.

(3) Storage forklift

Storage forklift is mainly a forklift designed for the handling of goods in the warehouse. Except that a few storage forklifts (such as manual pallet forklifts) are driven by human power, others are driven by electric motors, which are widely used in the storage industry because of their compact body, flexible movement, light weight and good environmental performance. During multi shift operation, the storage forklift driven by motor needs to have backup battery.

① Electric pallet carrier

The bearing capacity is 1.6 ~ 3.0 tons, the width of the operation channel is generally 2.3 ~ 2.8 meters, and the lifting height of the fork is generally about 210mm, which is mainly used for horizontal handling and cargo loading and unloading in the warehouse. There are three operation modes: walking, standing driving and sitting driving, which can be selected according to the efficiency requirements.

② Electric pallet stacker

The electric pallet stacking car is divided into two types: full electric pallet stacking car and semi electric pallet stacking car. Gu Mingsi suggests that the former is driving, and the lifting and lowering are electrically controlled, which is relatively labor-saving. The latter needs to manually pull or push the forklift, and the lifting is electric. The bearing capacity is 1.0 ~ 2.5 tons, the width of the operation channel is generally 2.3 ~ 2.8 meters, which is structurally more than the electric pallet handling forklift. The lifting height of the fork is generally within 4.8 meters, which is mainly used for the stacking and loading and unloading of goods in the warehouse.

③ Forward moving forklift

With a bearing capacity of 1.0 ~ 2.5 tons, the gantry can be moved forward or retracted as a whole. When retracted, the width of the operation channel is generally 2.7 ~ 3.2 meters, and the lifting height Zui can reach about 11 meters. It is commonly used for stacking and picking up at medium and equal heights in the warehouse.

④ Electric picking forklift

Under some working conditions (such as the distribution center of the supermarket), it is not necessary to ship the whole pallet, but to pick a variety of goods according to the order to form a pallet. This link is called picking. According to the height of picking goods, electric picking forklifts can be divided into low-level picking forklifts (within 2.5 meters) and medium high-level picking forklifts (Zui can be up to 10 meters high). The bearing capacity is 2.0 ~ 2.5 tons (low level), 1.0 ~ 1.2 tons (medium high level, with cab lifting).

⑤ Low driving three-way stacking forklift

Usually equipped with a three-way stacking head, the forklift does not need to turn, and the fork rotation can realize the stacking and picking up of goods on both sides. The channel width is 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, and the lifting height can reach 12 meters. The cab of the forklift truck cannot be lifted on the ground all the time. Considering the limitation of the operating field of vision, it is mainly used for working conditions where the lifting height is less than 6 meters.

⑥ High driving three-way stacking forklift

Similar to the low driving three-way stacking forklift, the high driving three-way stacking forklift is also equipped with a three-way stacking head, with a channel width of 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters and a lifting height of 14.5 meters. Its cab can be lifted, and the driver can clearly observe the goods at any height, and can also carry out picking operations. The high driving three-way stacking forklift is superior to the low driving three-way stacking forklift in efficiency and various performances, so this model has gradually replaced the low driving three-way stacking forklift.

(4) Electric tractor

Electric tractor (trailer) the tractor is driven by electric motor, and uses its traction capacity (3.0 ~ 25 tons) to pull several carts loaded with goods behind. It is often used for the transportation of large quantities of goods in or between workshops, such as the transportation from warehouse to assembly line in automobile manufacturing industry, and the luggage transportation in airport.